Common Question Answer for Telecom 1. Why Don’t All Phones Ring at the Same Time? In a telecommunication network, each device is uniquely identified by a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) or International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) , which is assigned during network attachment. When there is an incoming call or notification, the network performs a paging process : Paging Message: The network sends a paging signal to the cells within the user’s last known Tracking Area (TA) . This message contains the TMSI or IMSI of the target device. Paging Occasion and Paging Frame: Each phone monitors the Paging Channel (PCH) during specific intervals defined by its Paging Occasion (PO). This scheduling reduces power consumption and ensures only the intended phone responds. Selective Response: The device with a matching TMSI or IMSI replies to the paging request, while others ignore it. This process ensures only the target phone rings, and others remain unaffected. 2. What...
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interview L1/L2 Answer 1. What is BPDU Guard? BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) Guard is a feature in networking that is used to protect the network from potential loops. It disables a port when a BPDU is received on a port that is configured with PortFast, which is typically used for end devices like computers. By disabling the port, BPDU Guard helps to prevent misconfigurations and potential loops in the network. 2. What is loop-back detect? Loop-back detection is a network feature that helps to identify and mitigate network loops. Network loops can cause broadcast storms and network congestion. Loop-back detection mechanisms typically send out special frames to detect loops in the network topology and, upon detection, disable the affected ports to prevent the loop from impacting the network. 3. What is the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)? How are loops avoided in STP? The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for Ethernet networks. STP...
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QNA FOR MICROWAVE What's the frequency range of E band and traditional? The E band, or millimeter-wave band, typically ranges from 60 GHz to 90 GHz. Traditional microwave frequency bands are commonly categorized into various bands such as C band (4 GHz to 8 GHz), X band (8 GHz to 12 GHz), Ku band (12 GHz to 18 GHz), and Ka band (26.5 GHz to 40 GHz). Can you explain XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation) technology? XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation) is a technology that involves transmitting two signals with orthogonal polarizations on the same frequency. By doing so, it helps reduce interference between signals and improves overall communication reliability and capacity. What's the difference between FD (Frequency Division) and SD (Space Division)? FD (Frequency Division) involves dividing the available frequency spectrum into multiple channels, each assigned to a specific communication link. SD (Space Division) refers to using physically separa...